5.2.1

1.formants
A formant is a peak in the frequency spectrum of a sound caused by acoustic resonance.[1] In phonetics, the word refers to sounds produced by the vocal tract. In acoustics, it refers to resonance in sound sources, notably musical instruments, as well as that of sound chambers. However, it is equally valid to talk about the formant frequencies of the air in a room, as exploited, for example, by Alvin Lucier in his piece I Am Sitting in a Room.

Formant and phonetics

2.F-pattern

What is the F-pattern?
The F-pattern for a consonant is determines by the place, degree, and shape of the main oral constriction, and by the tongue and lip configuration required by the following vowel. There’s basically one global gesture for manipulating F1 frequency, two local gestures for F2, and three precise gestures for F3. Fine movements are required to manipulate the upper formant.